Video and Sound Production/ Exercises

 24/04/2024 - /05/2024 / Week 1 - Week 6

Lim En Yu / 0354452

Video and Sound Production / Bachelor of Design (Hons) in Creative Media / Taylor’s University 

Exercises




TABLE OF CONTENTS









Instructions

Fig 1.1 Module Information



Lectures

Week 1 Lecture Slides:
Fig 2.1 Week 1 Lecture Slides, Week 1 (29/4/2024)

During the first week, Mr Martin has briefed us about this module and all the projects with relevant examples. Also, I will need to buy a tripod for stop motion animation and also a headphone (compulsory for those specialisation is Animation). After that, we have proceeded with week 1 editing exercises which required us to install Adobe Premiere Pro.

Week 1 tasks
  1. Document Editing exercise 1 & 2 (Mints & Doritos) in your blog under Exercises section.
  2. Watch stop motion short, share 3 of your favourites in your blog under Final Project section.
  3. Purchase Tripod for Phone (with bluetooth remote control)
  4. Watch Everything, everywhere, all at once (before week 3)
Week 1 asynchronous class materials
For the first week reading materials, we are required to study about the basics of cinematography, including shot size, framingcamera angle, and composition, in order to practice shooting to prepare for week 2 activities.

 Reading Materials: 
Shot size: Shot size refers to the amount of space that is visible within a single shot or frame. Different shot sizes can be used to convey different types of information or create different emotional effects.
Fig 2.2 Different shot sizes, Week 1 (29/4/2024)

1.Extreme Wide Shot (ELS): An extreme long shot (or extreme wide shot) make your subject appear small against their location.
2. Long Shot (LS) / Wide Shot (WS):  If your subject is a person then his or her whole body will be in view — but not filling the shot. The wide shot also lets us see the beautiful background imagery, as well as the onlookers which will make any big moment more cinematic.
3. Full Shot (FS): Now let's talk about camera shots that let your subject fill the frame while keeping emphasis on scenery.
4. Medium Long Shot (MLS) / Medium Wide Shot (MWS): A medium long shot (aka medium long shot) frames the subject from roughly the knees up.
5. Cowboy Shot: A variation on this is the Cowboy Shot, which frames the subject from roughly mid-thighs up.
6. Medium Shot (MS): The medium shot is one of the most common camera shots. It's similar to the cowboy shot above, but frames from roughly the waist up and through the torso.
7. Medium Close Up (MCU): The medium close-up frames your subject from roughly the chest up. So it typically favors the face, but still keeps the subject somewhat distant.
8. Close Up (CU): The close-up camera shot fills your frame with a part of your subject. If your subject is a person, it is often their face.
9. Extreme Close Up (ECU): An extreme close-up is the most you can fill a frame with your subject. It often shows eyes, mouth and gun triggers.
10. Establishing Shot: An establishing shot is a shot at the head of a scene that clearly shows us the location of the action. This shot often follows an aerial shot and is used to show where everything will happen.


Framing: Camera shot framing is the art and science of placing subjects in your shots.

1. Single Shot: Single shots can be set and framed in any shot size you like, just as long as there is only one character featured within the frame.
2. Two Shot: A two-shot is a camera shot with two characters featured in the frame.
3. Three Shot: A three-shot features three characters in the frame.
4. Over-the-Shoulder Shot (OTS): An over-the-shoulder shot shows your subject from behind the shoulder of another character. Because it emulates perspective, it’s common in conversation scenes.
5. Over-The-Hip Shot (OTH): An over-the-hip shot is similar to over-the-shoulder in that the camera is placed with a character's hip in the foreground, and the focus subject in the plane of acceptable focus. 
6. Point-of-View Shot (POV): A POV shot is a camera shot that shows the viewer exactly what that character sees. 


Camera angle: The camera shot angle is used to specify the location where the camera is placed to take a shot.

1. Eye Level Shot: When your subject is at eye-level they’re in a neutral perspective (not superior or inferior). This mimics how we see people in real life -- our eye line connecting with theirs.
2. Low Angle Shot: A low angle shot frames the subject from a low camera height looking up at them. These camera shots most often emphasize power dynamics between characters.
3. High Angle Shot: In a high angle shot, the camera points down at your subject. It usually creates a feeling of inferiority, or “looking down” on your subject.
4. Hip Level Shot: A hip level shot is when your camera is roughly waist-high.
5. Knee Level Shot: This is when your camera height is about as low as your subject’s knees. They can emphasize a character’s superiority, if paired with a low angle.
6. Ground Level Shot: A ground level shot is when your camera’s height is on ground level with your subject. Needless to say, this shot captures what’s going on the ground your subject stands on.
7. Shoulder-Level Shot: This is when your camera is roughly as high as your subject’s shoulders.
8. Dutch Angle Shot: The camera is slanted to one side. With the horizon lines tilted in this way, you can create a sense of disorientation.
9. Birds-Eye-View Shot / Overhead Shot: An overhead shot is from way up high, looking down on your subject and a good amount of the scenery surrounding him or her. This can create a great sense of scale and movement.
10. Aerial Shot / Helicopter Shot: Whether taken from a helicopter or drone, this is a shot from way up high. It establishes a large expanse of scenery. 


Composition: Composition refers to the way elements of a scene are arranged in a camera frame.  Shot composition refers to the arrangement of visual elements to convey an intended message.

1. The Rule of Thirds: It's about positioning a character to show their relation to other elements in the scene. Imagine a tic-tac-toe board — two lines running vertical, and two more running horizontal.
Fig 2.3 The rule of thirds, Week 1 (29/4/2024)

2. Balance and Symmetry: Shooting a perfectly symmetrical shot, breaking the rule of thirds, is used for very specific reasons. Leading the eye to the center of the screen might end up serving your story better, and garner more emotion.
3. Leading Lines: Leading lines are actual lines (or sometimes imaginary ones) in a shot, that lead the eye to key elements in the scene. Artists use this technique to direct the viewer’s eye but they also use it to connect the character to essential objects, situations, or secondary subjects.
4. Eye-Level Framing: Eye-level framing positions the audience at eye-level with the characters, which plants the idea that we are equal with the character. 
5. Depth of Field: Depth of field describes the size of the area in your image where objects appear acceptably sharp. That area is called the field, and the size of that area is the depth of that field.
Fig 2.4 Depth of field, Week 1 (29/4/2024)

6. Deep Space Composition: Filmmakers use deep space when significant elements in a scene are positioned both near and far from the camera. These elements do not have to be in focus.


Week 2 Lecture Slides:
Fig 2.5 Week 2 Lecture Slides, Week 2 (2/5/2024)


Week 2 asynchronous class materials
This week we are going to understand about storytelling. The three-act story structure is a popular narrative framework used in storytelling, particularly in film and literature. It divides a story into three distinct parts: the setup, the confrontation, and the resolution.

Reading Materials:
Fig 2.6 The Three-Act Stucture, Week 2 (5/5/2024)

Act 1 (The Set Up): The setup involves introduction of the characters, their story world, and some kind of ‘’inciting incident,” typically a moment that kickstarts the story. It’s usually the first 20-30 minutes of a film. 
  • The Hook: This is the opening of the movie and, in turn, the first act. The main goal here is to captivate the audience. Why should they care? Why should they keep watching?
  • The Inciting Event: It gets the plot moving. Our interest has been piqued, and now our protagonists are going right into the belly of the beast.
  • First Plot Point: The first plot point is also commonly referred to as the break into act 2. It’s the point of no return– after the characters cross this barrier, they can’t go back.
Act 2 (The Confrontation): The middle of your story should raise the stakes, you want the audience to keep watching.
  • First Pinch Point: The first pinch point happens about a quarter of the way through the second act. This is often the first obstacle, albeit minor, and typically involves the antagonist.
  • The Midpoint: The midpoint is, unsurprising, the halfway mark of the movie. Typically, it is a moment that redirects the plot; a hero thinks they have things figured out when the rug is pulled from under their feet.
  • Second Pinch Point: Like with the first pinch point, this moment is not as big as, say, the break into act 2 or the midpoint. But it’s important in setting up the third act. Usually, the pinch point is a setback.
Act 3 (The Resolution): The end should bring some kind of catharsis or resolution, (regardless if the ending is happy or sad). It’s a sigh, either of relief or despair.
  • Third Plot Point: Otherwise known as the break into act 3. As such, this plot point segues us into the highest stakes of the story yet.
  • Climax: The climax is the moment the whole story has been leading up to. It’s the big bang, the final battle, the big kiss.
  • Resolution: And finally, at long last, the story comes to a close. The resolution is a moment to catch our breath and see how the journey has permanently affected our characters.
After understand about the three-act story structure, we have been given a quiz to test out our knowledge on it.
Fig 2.7 Quiz for three-act story structure, Week 2 (5/5/2024)

Based on the short film Lalin:

1. Which part is act 1, act 2, act 3 respectively? Describe each act with ONE paragraph only.

Act 1: The first act start with Lalin taking off her mask but still haven't reveal her face yet. The film started by introducing Lalin which is a good looking net idol but she don't even dare to take off her mask at home. She has a nickname in high school which is Miss meteorite, we can know she was bullied by her classmates through the nickname and the drawing on her photo. She decided to study overseas at Japan and becoming a net idol. Until here this will be the first act of the film as this establish Lalin's world and get the plot moving by introducing the storyline.

Act 2: The first pinch point will be a guy whose name is Nut messaged Lalin to help him to translate his book into Japanese so that it could be published in Japan. Lalin started to chat with him everyday, share her life with him. Nut always wanted to see her face under the mask but Lalin always reject him with some reasons. Finally, one day Nut has came to Japan without letting Lalin know and he wanted to meet with her.

Act 3: Lalin has rejected to meet with Nut as sha scare to reveal the true self to Nut, he will hate her as she has been lying to him all the time. Nut has left but he still left the book for Lalin to read. Lalin has realized Nut was the one she has talked to before at the Christmas Party in high school. Nut doesn't mind about her face as he have already met her before. Nut has decided to change himself after the time he has been joking that he looked like a pig and he wanted to become a better person to match with Lalin. When Lalin realized about this, she try to chase back Nut but Nut has already left. In the end, Lalin decided to reveal her real face on social media although she will lose her followers.

2. What is the inciting incident in the movie?

- The inciting event is she decided to study oversea at Japan where no ones know her. She has created an account on Instagram and become a Japan-residing “net idol” whose Instagram stream inspires envy for her kawaii look and dreamy lifestyle.

3. What is the midpoint scene in the movie?

- Lalin seems like she is falling love with Nut. She chat with him everyday, share every moments in her life with him everyday. Although Nut always wanted to see her face but everytime he getting rejected by Lalin.

4. What is the Climax scene in the movie?

- The climax was Lalin found out that Nut was the fat guy that she has met before and means that he have already saw her face before.

5.What is the theme of the movie?

The theme of the movie is we have to learn to accept our real identity. We should not obsessed with _likes and followers on social media. Those are not the most important things in our life, instead we should focus on accepting the real self and also the one we loves.

Based on thenovie Everything, everywhere, all at  once:

1. Which part is act 1, act 2, act 3 respectively? Describe each act with ONE paragraph only.

Act 1: The movie start with with the ordinary life of Evelyn Wang, a middle-aged woman struggling with the monotony of her existence and feeling disconnected from her family. She has to settle with so many little things in her life. However, her husband become weird in the lift and give her some instructions to follow. After that followed by Evelyn's husband asks for a divorce, prompting her to reflect on her life choices and search for meaning. The first plot point arises when Evelyn is unexpectedly pulled into a multiverse of parallel realities, setting her on a journey of self-discovery and transformation.

Act 2: In Act 2, Evelyn faces escalating obstacles and challenges in her journey through the multiverse, testing her resilience and determination. This moment highlights the stakes of her quest and raises doubts about her ability to succeed. She have to learn to fight and get adapt to the situation to save her and her husband from the situation. She has successfully learn how to apply the skill from the other universe on herself and she has utilized the skills to defend the enemies. The second pinch point intensifies the conflict as Evelyn encounters formidable adversaries and confronts personal demons, which is the everything bagel, pushing her to the brink of failure. Her daughter was entrapping her to enter the black hole which is also the bagel together.

Act 3: Evelyn faces her greatest challenge yet, forcing her to confront her deepest fears and make a crucial decision that will determine the fate of the multiverse. This moment marks a pivotal turning point in the story, pushing Evelyn to her limits and testing her resolve like never before. Evelyn must confront the ultimate antagonist and overcome seemingly insurmountable obstacles to achieve her goal. It is a moment of intense action, emotion, and revelation, where the stakes are at their highest. She has successfully save her daughter from the bagel with her husband and dad's help. Finally, the resolution brings closure to the story as Evelyn emerges victorious, having overcome her inner demons and saved the multiverse from destruction. She undergoes a profound transformation, learning important lessons about identity, courage, and the power of love and connection.

2. What is the inciting incident in the movie?

The inciting event starts in the lift. Her husband suddenly become the "Waymond" from the aplhaverse and give her instructions that she could not understand but help her to jump to another universe.

3. What is the midpoint scene in the movie?

The midpoint marks a significant turning point in Evelyn's character arc as she begins to embrace her newfound abilities and confront her inner fears and insecurities. She learns to harness the power of her multiversal identity, gaining confidence and clarity in her purpose.

4. What is the Climax scene in the movie?

The climax scene will be Evelyn and Jobu Tupaki are fighting near the everything bagel. After that when Jobu Tupaki wanted to be sucked in into the bagel, evelyn, Waymond and Gong Gong together pulling away Jobu Tupaki, which is her daughter away from the everything bagel.

5.What is the theme of the movie?

The theme of this movie I think is the sentence that has been said several times in the movie which is nothing really matters. For Joy and Evelyn, they needed to step away from the pressures of the world and realize that they both, despite all the hurdles, are worth it in the end. In times of hardship and darkness, one can still find hope.


Week 3 Lecture Slides:

Fig 2.8 Week 2 Lecture Slides, Week 3 (10/5/2024)


Week 3 asynchronous class materials

This week we have learned about a crucial part in pre-production process of a film which is storyboard.

Reading materials:

Storyboard: A storyboard is a visual representation of a film sequence and breaks down the action into individual panels. It is a series of ordered drawings, with camera direction, dialogue, or other pertinent details. It sketches out how a video will unfold, shot by shot.

It's is similar to a trial-run for your finished film, video, or commercial, laid out in a comic book-like form.

Fig 2.9 Example of Storyboard, Week 3 (11/5/2024)

There are two basic versions of storyboard format: 
  • Traditional storyboards: Basic pencil sketches that include detailed information like arrows for camera movement, characters, props, etc.
  • Thumbnail styles storyboards: Don't have any writing in the image.
Fig 2.10 Example of Thumbnail style storyboards, Week 3 (11/5/2024)

How to create a film storyboard

1. Identify key scenes in the script
Mark up the key parts of the story by highlighting major beats such as actions, locations, wardrobe, staging, narrative arches, and major plot points. 
Fig 2.11 Identify key scenes, Week 3 (11/5/2024)

2. Map out the key scenes
Next, map out the scenes you identified in the script. Give each one a number and a relevant title so it's easy to link them back to the broader story in the script.
Fig 2.12 Map out key scenes, Week 3 (11/5/2024)

3. Add images or sketches
This is to begin visualizing each scene. Some storyboard artists might begin sketching with a pen and paper first, but with modern storyboards you can collect reference photography, illustrations, screenshots, location shoots, and even motion from anywhere.
Fig 2.13 Add images or sketches, Week 3 (11/5/2024)

4. Describe what happens in each frame
Describes the style, mood, and behavior of characters. As you write out the details of each scene, consider some of the following:
  • Composition and framing
  • Transitions
  • Character blocking
  • Emotion and expression
  • Annotations
  • Dynamic Action
Fig 2.14 Describe the frames, Week 3 (11/5/2024)

5. Share it with your team
Invite your team to review your storyboard and share their feedback. This is the perfect moment to see how others interpret your vision for the story. Adjust the order of your frames or edit the content based on everyone's feedback.
Fig 2.15 Share with your team, Week 3 (11/5/2024)

6. Finally, reference it on the day
Traditionally, you'd print out your storyboards to refer to on the day, but online storyboards can be accessed on phones or laptops. This way, you can reference it with ease as you prepare for each scene.
Fig 2.16 Reference it on the day, Week 3 (11/5/2024)

After understand about storyboard, we have been given a quiz to test out our knowledge on it.
Fig 2.17 Quiz for storyboard, Week 4 (15/5/2024)



Exercises

Week 1

Arranging Video Clips in Adobe Premiere Pro

In the first week, we started with easy exercises which are importing two sets of video clips into Adobe Premiere Pro and rearrange the shoots on timeline in proper order.

We have been provided the google drive link of the video footages.


Fig 3.1.1 "Mints" Video Clips, Week 1 (26/4/2024)


Fig 3.1.2 "Mints" Video Clips, Week 1 (26/4/2024)

The first set of video clips are already arranged properly so we just have to import all the clips together in Adobe Premiere Pro and export it out.
Fig 3.1.3 Progression in Adobe Premiere Pro, Week 1 (26/4/2024)

While for the second set video clips which is doritos, the sequence of the videos are wrong. Therefore, we have to find out the correct sequence by watching it one by one and rearrange it.
Fig 3.1.4 Progression in Adobe Premiere Pro, Week 1 (26/4/2024)

Fig 3.1.5 "Mints" Final Edited Video, Week 1 (26/4/2024)

Fig 3.1.6 "Doritos" Final Edited Video, Week 1 (26/4/2024)


Week 2
This week have no physical class. We are required to complete the quiz questions after understanding week 1 reading materials.
Fig 3.2.1 Quiz for shot size, camera angle and composition, Week 2 (2/5/2024)

Answers for week 2 exercises:

Fig 3.2.2 Answers for week 2 exercises, Week 2 (2/5/2024)

Framing Shooting Exercise: We are required to use our phone to shoot 8 videos according to the requested shot size.
  1. Close-Up shot   
  2. Frontal MCU (soft  background)
  3. Frontal MS (soft  background)
  4. Extreme Close-Up shot
  5. Side angle MS (soft  background)
  6. ¾ angling MCU shot (with blurry/soft  foreground)
  7. Low angle Wide shot
  8. Eye-Level Medium-Wide shot  
Reminder:
  • Shoot landscape format video, 5 seconds per shot.
  • Shoot wide shot with wide angle.
  • The rest ZOOM IN to get soft background.
  • Refer to the examples provided or google references for GOOD composition.
  • Avoid overexposed or underexposed (too bright or too dark).
  • Do the shooting during day time.
  • Edit with CAPTION (Mention the shot size), export video for submission.
Footage of framing shooting exercise:
Fig 3.2.3 Footage of framing shooting exercises, Week 2 (3/5/2024)

Process of editing the framing shooting exercise in Adobe Premiere Pro:
Fig 3.2.4 Editing and insert the video clips together, Week 2 (3/5/2024)

Fig 3.2.5 Edit the captions and insert cross dissolve, Week 2 (3/5/2024)

Fig 3.2.6 Add background music, Week 2 (3/5/2024)

Final Video of Framing Shooting Exercises:
Fig 3.2.7 Final Outcome of framing shooting exercises, Week 2 (3/5/2024)

Week 2 Editing Exercise: Lalin

For week 2, we are given an editing exercise to make us more familiar with Adobe Premiere Pro. We are provided with a google drive that contain the video footage and images to be added while editing.


Original video link: https://youtu.be/dSvEKiRB8EY

Editing tutorial video: https://youtu.be/mmQHkApEREM
Fig 3.2.8 Footage provided for Lalin, Week 2 (5/5/2024)
Fig 3.2.9 Graphics of chat box need to be added, Week 2 (5/5/2024)

Also, we are provided with a storyboard that let us know the sequence of the scenes clearly.
Fig 3.2.10 Storyboard provided for Lalin, Week 2 (5/5/2024)

In the tutorial video, Mr Martin has taught us how to trim the video by using the In point (I) and Out point (O) on the keyboard. Also, we are instructed to add the video transition which is dip black to the opening and at the end of the video. In order to create Nut from disappearing effect, we have arranged the videos together and applied cross dissolve transition in between them.
Fig 3.2.11 Progression of editing in Adobe Premiere Pro, Week 2 (5/5/2024)

Final Outcome of editing exercise:
Fig 3.2.12 Final outcome of editing exercise "Lalin", Week 3 (10/5/2024)


Week 9 Practical Class:
This week we have tried out how to edit an audio to different voice like voice of phone call, muffled voice, voice inside the toilet, underground cave and alien voice.

First, to make a voice of phone call, we will need to open parametric equalizer in Filter and EQ.
Fig 3.1.7 Parametric equalizer effect, Week 9 (28/6/24)

We need to bring down the bass and tremble, and raise the mid range so that it will sounds like a phone call.
Fig 3.1.8 Voice of phone call, Week 9 (28/6/24)

For the effect of muffled voice, we also apply parametric equalizer but this time the bass is remained, the tremble need to bring down and the mid range need to raise up.
Fig 3.1.9 Muffled voice, Week 9 (28/6/24)

In order to create the echo sound in toilet, this time we will need to apply reverb effect. For the preset I have chosen room abience and make some changes on it.
Fig 3.1.10 Voice inside toiltet, Week 9 (28/6/24)

Same goes to undergroound cave but I have changed the preset to ethereal.
Fig 3.1.11 Underground Cave, Week 9 (28/6/24)

Lastly, we can apply multiple effects on alien voice by using the flanger effect in modulation.
Fig 3.1.12 Alien voice, Week 9 (28/6/24)




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Reflection

Although these exercises are only exercises that do not have any marks, but they gave me a strong foundation and provided me a basic knowledge about Video and Sound Production. I really enjoy doing these exercises especially the framing shooting exercises. I shoot it by myself with the phone stand! Also other exercises are fun as well, I learn a lot of things and improve a bit from every exercises.

In conclusion, these exercises are letting us to get familiar with this module, I have equipped myself with the skills and knowledge that let me get ready with the following projects.

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